AMELIORATION OF THE KARAKUL SHEEP RACE IN DIFFERENT AREAS AND COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

I. Buzu

Abstract
    The purpose of this paper was the comparative appreciation of the historiography of the Karakul race improvement in various areas and countries of the world. It was found that, Karakul sheep are concentrated, harvested and exploited in countries and regions that have vast natural pasture lands, even impoverished (semi-desert and desert from Central Asia, Africa), but expanded with a climate that allows them to be maintained throughout the calendar year to grazing, without costly shelters. In these countries and regions, Karakul sheep are breding not only to meet the urgent needs of the rural population, but also to get income from the sale of skins at international fur auctions. In Germany and Austria, the Karakul sheep were raising both for breeding and crossbreeding with other races, as well as for pure race for breeding material. On the basis of scientific research, was elaborated Karakul sheep origin and the formalistic view of the influence of the environment on the spinning of the fibers and the formation of the loop was combated. Have been identified the most compatible races (Somali) for crossing with Karakul, on the basis of which the idea of creating new Karakul sheep populations in Southwest Africa (Namibia) was created by crosses of transformation of sheep from breeds local. In Namibia, they were created some new entarasias of sheep Karakul with smooth curls, moire and smooth bark with short fibers. The skins of these types have soon conquered the world market of similar fur. In Ukraine, at the Institute for Scientific Research for the Steppe area, between 1935-1970 years was created, by crossing the Karakul with Romanov a new type of prolific Karakul. In Romania, at SCPCO Popauti, Botosani, a new type of Karakul sheep was created by crossing the Turcana sheep with the pure race Karakul rams, creating new lines and new populations with varieties of colors, gray, brown and white. In the former USSR, with the help of researchers from the United States Institute for Scientific Research for Karakulture (Samarkand), through the selection and the increase of sheep pure Karakul sheep were created a large number of sheep intakes such as: Gray of Buhara, Gray of Surhandaria, Gray Karakalpakia, as well as elite, black: Karakum, Mubarek, Nişan, Kenimeh etc; of greyish colour Nurata, Guzar, Cabadian etc; Gray Color: Kazalkum, Navoi, Talimarjan, etc. After the collapse of the USSR, the independent Central Asian countries continued to improve the Karakul sheep race, in which have been created a series of new type of Karakul sheep (15 in number) with specific productivity for skins, including Uzbekistan - 7 types, Kazakhstan - 4 types, Turkmenistan - 2 types, Tajikistan - 1 type, Kalmâkia - 1 type. All new type of Karakul sheep, created in Central Asian countries, South Africa and Europe, have unilateral production - high quality newborn lambs with different types of valuable curls and original colors. Neither one of new types of Karakul sheep produced in these countries (except Romania) has not aproached the issue of improving milk and meat skills as they are not specific to the Karakul race breeding in the home regions

Key words: historiography, mondial, countries, breeding, amelioration, sheep, Karakul race