FORTIFICATION OF ECOLOGICAL SECURITY OF BEEKEEPING IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Valentina Cebotari, I. Buzu

Abstract
   The purpose of this paper was to develop measures to adjust conventional to organic beekeeping, to increase the productivity of bee families and the harvest of entomophilous agricultural crops, for the production of organic beekeeping and agricultural products in the Republic of Moldova, according to EU rules. The scientific researches were carried out during 2011-2019 in the Beekeeping Laboratory of the Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. Scientific research has shown that, in order to ensure the compliance of the environment with the requirements of organic beekeeping, it is necessary to test honey flowers, or pollen collected by bees, on the content of the most common and most dangerous pollutants, such as heavy metals (Pb, Cd) and pesticides (Organochlorine insecticides - Fipronil, Spirodiclofen; Organophosphorus insecticides - Azoxystrobin, Carbendazim, Dimethoate, Chlorpyrifos; Neonicotinoid insecticides - Imidacloprid, Thiacloprid, Thiamethoxam, Clotianidin; Pyrethroid insecticides - Tau-fluvalinate, Deltamethrin, Cypermethrin, Pyrethrin; Triazole fungicides - Bitertanol, Fenhexamide, Diphenoconazole, Mepanipyrim, Cyproconazol; Dicarbosimide fungicides - Cyprodininyl; Acaricides - Amitraza; Herbicides - Glyphosate, Sulfosulfurol, Amidosulfuron, Amitrol, Petoxamide, Pendimetalin). The fortification of the power of bee families and their productive capacity for organic beekeeping is ensured by innovative methods of organic feeding in the periods of poor harvesting in nature with nutritional supplements of organic origin. The conversion of traditional beekeeping into organic beekeeping requires the adjustment of the apiary's logistical infrastructure to the requirements of EU rules, according to EC regulations and directives: no. 1881/2006, no. 834/2007, no. 889/2008, no. 834/2009, nr. 271/2010 and no. 392/2013, as well as the Law of the Republic of Moldova no. 115 of 2005 on organic agri-food production and the Technical Regulation “Organic agri-food production and labeling of organic agri-food products”, approved by Government Decision no. 1078 of 2008. Bee families in organic apiaries are complemented by healthy and vigorous queens, raised directly by organic selection methods, based on strengthening immunity and disease resistance, increasing queen prolificacy and the colony's ability to accumulate bee production in the nest. Organic beekeeping has a positive impact not only on obtaining organic bee products, but also on significantly increasing the harvest of entomophilous agricultural crops, as well as the production of organic agricultural products.