THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE MILK PRODUCTION IN THE SHEEP BREEDS AND POPULATIONS FROM VARIOUS CLIMATIC AREAS
R. Radu, Ana Enciu, A. Ida, G.P. Vicovan, Camelia-Zoia Zamfir, Alina Nicolescu
Abstract
The researches made aimed to create certain sheep populations with high milk productions using the method of crossbreeding and selection, and also assuring optimum conditions of foddering and exploitation.
During the experiments there were aimed: testing the capacity of combining of the local sheep with specialized breeds, establishing the optimum variants of crossbreeding, creating the first link of some populations (lines, breeds) specialized for milk, the milk productions at the half-breeds and the evolution of the body weight at the F1 and R1 half-breeds.
The milk production of the F1 half-breeds, at the first lactation was superior to the local breeds as follows:
- F1 Lacaune x Prolific Line-Palas half-breeds - made a total production of 176.43±8.97 liters besides 146.78±9.99 liters at the Prolific Line, the production of milked milk of 104.50±9.39 liters besides 87.66±8.48 liters at the Prolific Line;
- F1 Lacaune x Ţurcană half-breeds - made the total milk production of 152.74±9.69 liters besides 116.92±2.16 liters at the Ţurcană breeds, and the production of milked milk was of 94.50±1.46 liters and respectively of 69.0±0.96 liters;
- F1 Awassi x Ţigaie half-breeds - made a total production of 218.0±4.7548 liters besides 132.43±2.4786 liters a the Ţigaie breed, and the production of milked milk was of 162.44±4.9408 liters, respectively of 80.0±1.6634 liters.
The results regarding the dynamics of the body weight at the R1 half-breeds from the five genotypes comparatively to the half-bred breeds (local) reveals that the specialized breeds have an improving effect upon the growing and development of the body weight in the interval of birth -9 months.
The general conclusion is that through crossbreeding with specialized breeds and especially with Lacaune breed, the milk production of the half-breeds since the first lactation grows significantly in comparison with the local breeds.
The method of improvement through crossbreeding is fast and efficient, the half-breed sheep perfectly adapting themselves to the climatic conditions from Romania.
Key words: improvement, half-breed sheep, milk, body weight
AMELIORAREA PRODUCŢIEI DE LAPTE LA RASELE ŞI POPULAŢIILE DE OVINE ÎN DIFERITE ZONE PEDOCLIMATICE
R. Radu, Ana Enciu, A. Ida, G.P. Vicovan, Camelia-Zoia Zamfir, Alina Nicolescu
Rezumat
Cercetarile efectuate au urmarit realizarea unor populatii de ovine cu productii ridicate de lapte utilizând metoda încrucisarilor si a selectiei, precum si asigurarea unor conditii de furajare si întretinere optime.
Pe tot parcursul experimentelor s-a urmarit: realizarea testarii capacitatii de combinabilitate a ovinelor locale cu rase specializate, stabilirea variantelor optime de încrucisare, crearea primelor verigi ale unor populatii (linii, rase) specializate pentru lapte, productiile de lapte realizate la metisi si evolutia dezvoltarii corporale a metisilor F1 si R1, s.a..
Productiile de lapte realizate la metisii F1, la prima lactatie au fost superioare raselor locale dupa cum urmeaza:
- metisii F1 Lacaune x Linia Prolifica-Palas - au realizat o productie totala de 176,43±8,97 litri fata de 146,78±9,99 litri la Linia Prolifica, productia de lapte muls de 104,50±9,39 litri fata de 87,66±8,48 litri la Linia Prolifica;
- metisii F1 Lacaune x Ţurcană - au realizat productia totala de lapte de 152,74±9,69 litri fata de 116,92±2,16 litri rasa Ţurcană, iar productia de lapte muls a fost de 94,50±1,46 litri si respectiv 69,0±0,96 litri;
- metisii F1 Awassi x Ţigaie - au realizat o productie totala de 218,0±4,7548 litri fata de 132,43±2,4786 litri la rasa Ţigaie, iar productia de lapte muls a fost de 162,44±4,9408 litri, respectiv 80,0±1,6634 litri.
Rezultatele privind evolutia dezvoltarii corporale a metisilor R1 din cele cinci genotipuri, comparativ cu rasele metise (locale) demonstreaza ca rasele specializate au un efect ameliorator asupra dezvoltarii corporale a tineretului în intervalul nastere-9 luni.
Concluzia generala este ca prin încrucisarea cu rase specializate si în special cu rasa Lacaune, productia de lapte a metisilor înca de la prima lactatie creste semnificativ în comparatie cu rasele locale.
Metoda de ameliorare prin încrucisare este rapida si eficienta, oile metise adaptându-se perfect conditiilor pedoclimatice din România.
Cuvinte cheie: ameliorare, oi hibride, lapte, dezvoltare corporala
